- Bockmuehl, Markus. 2012. Simon Peter in Scripture and Memory: The New Testament Apostle in the Early Church, 115-66. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic.
- Brown, Raymond E. 1984. The Churches the Apostles Left Behind. New York: Paulist Press.
- Donfried, Karl P. and Peter Richardson, eds. 1998. Judaism and Christianity in First-Century Rome. Grand Rapids/Cambridge: Eerdmans.
- Eastman, David L. 2014. “Jealousy, Internal Strife, and the Deaths of Peter and Paul: A Reassessment of 1 Clement.” Zeitschrift für antikes Christentum 18: 34-53.
- Grundeken, Mark. 2015. Community Building in the Shepherd of Hermas: A Critical Study of some Key Aspects. Supplements to Vigiliae Christianae 131. Leiden: Brill.
- Humphries, Mark. 2008. “The West (1): Italy, Gaul, and Spain.” In The Oxford Handbook of Early Christian Studies 283-302. Ed. S. A. Harvey and D. G. Hunter. Oxford/New York: Oxford University Press.
- Kloppenborg, John S. 2015. “Pneumatic Democracy and the Conflict in 1 Clement.” In Early Christian Communities between Ideal and Reality, 61-81. Ed. M. Grundeken and J. Verheyden. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck.
- Lampe, Peter. 2003. From Paul to Valentinus: Christians at Rome in the First Two Centuries. Trans. M. Steinhauser. Ed. M. D. Johnson. Minneapolis: Fortress Press.
- Lona, Horacio E. 1998. Der erste Clemensbrief. Kommentar zu den Apostolischen Vätern. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.
- Osiek, Carolyn. 1999. Shepherd of Hermas: A Commentary. Hermeneia. Minneapolis: Fortress Press.
- Ramelli, Ilaria. 2011. “The birth of the Rome-Alexandria connection: the early sources on Mark and Philo, and the Petrine tradition.” Studia Philonica Annual 23: 69-95.
- Soyars, Jonathan E. 2019. The Shepherd of Hermas and the Pauline Legacy. Supplements to Novum Testamentum 176. Leiden/Boston: Brill.
- Verheyden, Joseph. 2006. “The Shepherd of Hermas.” Expository Times 117: 397-401.
- Vinzent, Markus. 2006. “Rome.” In Origins to Constantine 397-414. Ed. M. M. Mitchell and F. M. Young. The Cambridge History of Christianity 1. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Wright, N. T. 2015. “Paul’s Western Missionary Project: Jerusalem, Rome, Spain in Historical and Theological Perspective.” In The Last Years of Paul: Essays from the Tarragona Conference, June 2013, 49-66. Ed. A. Puig i Tàrrech et al. Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testament 352. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck.
- Zwierlein, Otto. 2009. Petrus in Rom: Die literarischen Zeugnisse. Mit einer kritischen Edition der Martyrien des Petrus und Paulus auf neuer handschriftlicher Grundlage. Untersuchungen zur antiken Literatur und Geschichte 96. Berlin/New York: de Gruyter.
rev 11/21